
Zvezdochka was sent into space with a wooden cosmonaut dummy
in the final practice flight before Gagarin's flight on 12 April. The dummy was
ejected out of the capsule while Zvezdochka remained inside. Both were
recovered successfully.
During the 1950s and 1960s the USSR used dogs for sub-orbital
and orbital space flights to determine whether human spaceflight was feasible.
In this period, the Soviet Union launched missions with passenger slots for at
least 57 dogs.
The number of dogs in space is smaller, as some dogs flew more
than once. Most survived; the few that died were lost mostly through technical
failures, according to the parameters of the test